THE POWER OF CATEGORY AND NETWORKING

THE POWER OF CATEGORY AND NETWORKING

By Ratna Ayu

ABSTRACT

According to Aristotle, substances of art and science that make up the world have a number of characteristics that can be tangibly described. That is substance, quality, quantity, relation, place, time, position, state, action, and affection. It’s a traditional judgment. Eventually, Immanuel Kant (1771) discovered a “transcendental clue”. He argue that each form possible judgment was related to thought form that he called an “a priori” or “category of the understanding”. What is the relationship between category and networking and also what is the power of them? This article will less study about this questions.

INTRODUCTION

Category and networking be available in our mind. A similar explanation of the working of human understanding presented a great difficulty occasioned by the seeming impossibility of specifying the forms of thinking in other than an arbitrary and chance manner. In his book Aristotle’s Categories, Aristotle tells about category that substance of art and science is something which has an independent existence. According to Aristotle, substances of art and science that make up the world have a number of characteristics that can be tangibly described. That is substance, quality, quantity, relation, place, time, position, state, action, and affection. In his book Man Pointing, Alberto Giacometti (1948) explained the meaning as follows.

Substance : what is the sculpture made of?

Quality : describe the qualities of the sculpture surface

Quantity : is he gesture public or private?

Relation : describe the angles of the body parts

Place : where would you see someone like this?

Time : what time period or year is he from?

Position : how are the mans body parts positioned?

State : how old is this man?

Action : what he about to do?

Affect : how does medium influece meaning?

Eventually, Immanuel Kant (1771) discovered a “transcendental clue” in the traditional forms of logical judgment enumerated by Aristotle. Kant argued that each form possible judgment was related to thought form that he called an “a priori” or “category of the understanding”. According to Kant, “we can know a priori of things only what we ourselves put into them”. The attempt to preserve a realist orientation leads Kant to distinguish between the appearances of things (phenomena) and the category of understanding and things in themselves (noumena), as unknown something.

According to Encyclopedia, a phenomenon (plural: phenomena) is any observable occurrence. In popular usage, a phenomenon often refers to an extraordinary event. In scientific usage, a phenomenon is any event that is observable, however commonplace it might be, even if it requires the use of instrumentation to observe it... The noumenon (plural: noumena) classically refers to an object of human inquiry, understanding or cognition. The etymology of the word derives from the Greek nooúmenon (thought of) and ultimately reflects nous (mind). Noumenon came into its modern usage through Immanuel Kant. Noumenon (Kant used the term "Ding an sich" or "thing in itself") is distinguished from phenomenon ("Erscheinung"), the latter being an observable event or physical manifestation capable of being observed by one of the five human senses. The two words serve as interrelated technical terms in Kant's philosophy.

THE POWER OF CATEGORY

When we employ a concept of some type to describe or also categorize noumena, really we are employing a way of describing or categorizing phenomena. Kant discovered a concept of “the transcendental clue” or “the transcendental aesthetic”, as well as that of the transcendental analytic, the transcendental logic, and the transcendental deduction. This concept consist of a number of methods by which human beings make sense out of the interrelationships among phenomena. The word “transcendental’ refers to the process that the human mind uses to increasingly understand the form of phenomena. According to Kant, to “transcend” a direct observation or experience is to use make sense out of phenomena in these various ways, but can never directly know the noumena. In other word, our mind may attempt to correlate in useful ways but can’t know noumena directly. So, we must corresponding the noumena by our observations of things that can be seen, heard, tasted, that is phenomena.

The object as representations of unknown somethings (what called by Kant as “transcendental object”) is interpreted through the “a priori” or “category of the understanding”. Kant argued that category of the understanding are required for our sensible understanding of things in itself, the pre-existence of which is a requisite for the function of these categories. For example, in human understanding, experience be organized by the categories.

THE POWER OF NETWORKING

According to Kant, our percepts or intuitions of the things are not themselves objects but rather representations. In this concept, mathematical, scientific, and metaphysical judgment make predictions about the connections and consequences of the events. In some events, these judgment are more than the definitions.

There are kinds of judgment. The first type of judgment is analytic which is the product of the analysis or definition of concepts. All analytic judgments are true a priori or independent of experience. The second is exactly the reverse. These judgment are a posteriori or derived from experience. For example, experience is given as conditioned by space and time dimension, be manage or expert by the mind, and then resulting human knowing. It’s explain how experience interact in perception and understanding.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CATEGORY AND NETWORKING

According to Kant, there is a content that is if we think, there are only certain ways in which we can make judgment about the quantity, quality, relation, and modality of objects. According to Dr. Marsigit, the bases of each are follows.

1. Plural, partial, and singular are bases of quantity

2. Universal, partial, and unique are bases of quality.

3. “If...then” statement and “if and only if” statement are bases of relation(ship).

4. Identity (A = A) and contradiction (B not A) are bases of category, that is modality of objects.

Kant argued the senses as the starting point of any search for knowledge, as follows

“Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without an intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yields knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.”

Kant suggests that many manner of knowledge that relates to objects is done by intuition. Intuition allows us to perceive specific properties of objects through our sensitivities to receive objects. That is, intuition senses of the properties, dispositions, and relationship. This process are follows.

1. Receive the perception.

2. Imagine intuition, that is forming the concepts.

3. Project, that is require for expression.

4. Know, that is the imagination forms concepts to consider for knowledge.

Kant not say that the mind creates objects but only say the conditions under which objects are perceived and understood. For example, in mathematics and science, the objects are derived from the ways the mind conditions its percepts and concepts. The concepts are empty logical forms and the percepts are blind. So, we need a process of synthesis to understanding or knowing an object. This process is unified by the ego and aided by the imagination which associates particular percepts with appropriate universal concepts.

CONCLUSION

When we employ a concept of some type to describe or also categorize noumena, really we are employing a way of describing or categorizing phenomena. It’s caused our mind, however may attempt to correlate in useful ways, but it can’t know noumena directly. So, we must corresponding the noumena by our observations of things that can be seen, heard, tasted, that is phenomena. Our percepts or intuitions of the things are not themselves objects but rather representations. We need a process of synthesis to understanding or knowing an object, that unified by the ego and aided by the imagination which associates particular percepts with appropriate universal concepts.

REFERENCES

Anoname. http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Causality

John Toth. “The New Perception: Hypermediating Interdisciplinary Cultures through Aesthetic Education”. http://www.JohnToth.net/Oxford/NewPerception.htm

Thomson Gale. 2004. "Immanuel Kant". Encyclopedia of World Biography. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404703447.html.